Air Quality Index (AQI) in North India and particularly Delhi & NCR often reaches hazardous levels, especially during winter months due to industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, and crop stubble burning. Such conditions significantly impact individuals with chronic lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis.
What is AQI?
AQI Full Form: Air Quality Index.
The AQI is a standardized measure used to indicate air pollution levels. It quantifies pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Ranging from 0 (good) to 500+ (hazardous), it helps assess air quality and its potential health impacts.
AQI Levels and Health Impacts
AQI Range | Category | Health Impacts | Precautions |
0–50 | Good | Minimal impact | No action needed |
51–100 | Moderate | Minor effects for sensitive groups | Avoid prolonged outdoor activity |
101–200 | Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups | Respiratory issues for vulnerable individuals | Limit outdoor exposure |
201–300 | Unhealthy | Adverse effects for everyone | Wear masks, avoid outdoor exercise |
301–400 | Very Unhealthy | Significant health impacts | Stay indoors, use air purifiers |
401+ | Hazardous | Severe health risks | Emergency measures, seek medical help |
Impact of Poor AQI on Chronic Lung Disease
Exacerbation of Symptoms: Pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide can worsen respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness.
Decreased Lung Function: Long-term exposure reduces lung function, making it harder to breathe and recover from infections.
Increased Hospitalizations: High pollution levels increase the risk of respiratory infections, requiring medical attention or hospitalization.
Mortality Risk: For individuals with pre-existing lung conditions, prolonged exposure to poor AQI is associated with higher mortality.
5 Things to do For Chronic Lung Disease Patients :
A. Precautions During Severe AQI
Stay Indoors: Limit outdoor activities, especially for vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory issues.
Use N95 Masks: Wear N95 or P100 masks if stepping out is unavoidable.
Avoid High-Pollution Areas: Steer clear of heavy traffic areas and industrial zones.
Seal Windows and Doors: Use weather-stripping to prevent polluted air from entering your home.
Monitor AQI: Use reliable apps or websites to stay updated on AQI levels and take timely precautions.
B. Medical Interventions and Vaccines
Vaccines:
Flu Vaccine: Once a Year Flu vaccine given at the start of winter season (September/ October ) reduces the risk of respiratory infections.
Pneumococcal Vaccine: 2 dose of Pneumonia vaccine taken usually Prevents severe pneumonia, especially crucial for COPD patients.
COVID-19 Vaccine: Essential to prevent complications in individuals with chronic respiratory conditions.
Inhalers and Nebulizers:
Use prescribed bronchodilators and corticosteroids to manage symptoms.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation:
Incorporates breathing exercises and physical activity to improve lung capacity.
C. Natural Remedies and Dietary Tips
Steam Inhalation: Helps clear airways and reduce irritation.
Herbal Remedies:
Tulsi (Holy Basil): Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties help soothe the respiratory system.
Ginger and Turmeric: Anti-inflammatory agents that reduce airway swelling.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking lukewarm water Keeps mucus thin and easier to expel.
Immune-Boosting Foods:
Citrus fruits, leafy greens, almonds, and flaxseeds to strengthen respiratory health.
D. Indoor Air Quality Improvement
Air-Purifying Plants:
Snake Plant, Peace Lily, and Spider Plant: Absorb toxins.
Air Purifiers:
Opt for HEPA and activated carbon filters to eliminate pollutants.
E. Tips to Improve Indoor Air Quality
Ventilation: Use exhaust fans while cooking to reduce indoor pollutants.
Dusting and Cleaning: Regularly vacuum carpets and upholstery using HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaners.
Avoid Smoking Indoors: Cigarette smoke worsens indoor air quality significantly.
Use Natural Cleaning Products: Avoid aerosol sprays , Agarbatties and synthetic fragrances.
Conclusion
Severe AQI in North India including Delhi poses a significant threat to those with chronic lung diseases. By adopting a combination of medical interventions, natural remedies, and lifestyle changes, individuals can mitigate the adverse effects. Creating awareness and advocating for sustainable practices are vital for long-term improvement in air quality.
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